Correlation Between Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Pulmonary Tuberculosis at Atma Jaya Hospital
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36497/jri.v41i3.184Keywords:
diabetes mellitus type 2, lung tuberculosisAbstract
Background: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is considered one of the factors that increase the risk of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). Tuberculosis in Indonesia is severe and ranked second in the world after India. Previous studies suggested that DM increased the risk of developing pulmonary TB by 2–5 times. This study was conducted to determine the effect of type 2 DM on the incidence of pulmonary TB at Atma Jaya Hospital. Methods: This was a case-control study conducted at Atma Jaya Hospital from December 2016 to April 2017 using medical records. Data were further processed by pairing gender and age between case and control groups. A total of 121 samples were obtained and tested using McNemar paired correlation non-parametric analysis. Results: The incidence of pulmonary TB was higher in men than women with a ratio of 2.1:1 and within the productive age range of 27–46 years. The percentage of type 2 DM in pulmonary TB cases was 70% (35 samples) compared to 30% (15 samples) without DM with a total of 50 samples in the case group. The percentage of type 2 DM in the control group without pulmonary TB was 46.5% (33 samples) compared to 53.5% (38 samples) without DM with a total of 71 samples in the control group. Based on the statistical analysis, the P=0.013 and the OR (odds ratio) was 2.20. Conclusion: There was a significant correlation between type 2 DM and the incidence of pulmonary TB in Atma Jaya Hospital with the risk of pulmonary TB 2.20 times higher than those without type 2 DM.Downloads
References
World Health Organization. Tuberculosis [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2021 Jul 20]. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/tuberculosis
American Diabetes Association. Classification and Diagnosis of Diabetes: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2020. Diabetes Care. 2020;43(1):14–31.
World Health Organization. Diabetes [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2021 Jul 20]. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/diabetes
Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan. Hasil Utama Riskesdas 2018 [Internet]. Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia; 2018. Available from: https://www.kemkes.go.id/resources/download/info-terkini/hasil-riskesdas-2018.pdf
Harries AD, Lin Y, Satyanarayana S, Lönnroth K, Li L, Wilson N, et al. The looming epidemic of diabetes-associated tuberculosis: learning lessons from HIV-associated tuberculosis. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis Off J Int Union Tuberc Lung Dis. 2011;15(11):1436–44, i.
Jeon CY, Murray MB. Diabetes mellitus increases the risk of active tuberculosis: A systematic review of 13 observational studies. PLoS Med. 2008;5(7).
Dooley KE, Chaisson RE. Tuberculosis and diabetes mellitus: convergence of two epidemics. Lancet Infect Dis. 2009;9(12):737–46.
Moutschen MP, Scheen AJ, Lefebvre PJ. Impaired immune responses in diabetes mellitus: analysis of the factors and mechanisms involved. Relevance to the increased susceptibility of diabetic patients to specific infections. Diabète Métabolisme. 1992;18(3):187–201.
Koo BK. Diabetes mellitus and tuberculosis. Diabetes Metab J. 2013;37(4):249–51.
World Health Organization. Global tuberculosis report 2020. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2020.
Balakrishnan S, Vijayan S, Nair S, Subramoniapillai J, Mrithyunjayan S, Wilson N, et al. High diabetes prevalence among tuberculosis cases in Kerala, India: e46502. PLoS One. 2012;7(10).
Harianto Y. Lamanya perawatan pasien tuberkulosis paru disertai diabetes melitus tipe 2 dan pasien tuberkulosis paru tanpa diabetes melitus tipe 2 di rumah sakit.
Alisjahbana B, Sahiratmadja E, Nelwan EJ, Purwa AM, Ahmad Y, Ottenhoff THM, et al. The effect of type 2 diabetes mellitus on the presentation and treatment response of pulmonary tuberculosis. Clin Infect Dis. 2007;45(4):428–35.
Dotulong JFJ, Sapulete MR, Kandou GD. Hubungan faktor risiko umur, jenis kelamin, dan kepadatan hunia dengan kejadian penyakit TB paru di desa wori kecamatan wori. J Kedokt Komunitas Dan Trop. 2015;III(2).
Dobler CC, Flack JR, Marks GB. Risk of tuberculosis among people with diabetes mellitus: an Australian nationwide cohort study. BMJ Open. 2012;2(1).
Snider D, Onorato I. Tuberculosis. Clinical management and new challenges. In New York: McGraw-Hill Inc; 1995. p. 3–17.
Begum V, de Colombani P, Das Gupta S, Salim AH, Hussain H, Pietroni M, et al. Tuberculosis and patient gender in bangladesh: sex differences in diagnosis and treatment outcome. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis Off J Int Union Tuberc Lung Dis. 2001;5(7):604–10.
Chan-Yeung M, Noertjojo K, Chan SL, Tam CM. Sex differences in tuberculosis in hong kong. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis Off J Int Union Tuberc Lung Dis. 2002;6(1):11–8.
Cahyadi A, Venty. Tuberkulosis paru pada pasien diabetes melitus. J Indon Med Assoc. 2011;61(4):173–8.
Downloads
Additional Files
Published
Issue
Section
License
- The authors own the copyright of published articles. Nevertheless, Jurnal Respirologi Indonesia has the first-to-publish license for the publication material.
- Jurnal Respirologi Indonesia has the right to archive, change the format and republish published articles by presenting the authors’ names.
- Articles are published electronically for open access and online for educational, research, and archiving purposes. Jurnal Respirologi Indonesia is not responsible for any copyright issues that might emerge from using any article except for the previous three purposes.
