The Relation Between D-Dimer, HS-CRP, and ACE Inhibitor to Severity, Reinfection, and Mortality of COVID-19 Patients
Abstract
Background: COVID-19 reinfection has been found although the data is not clear yet. Pandemic conditions cause limited facilities and infrastructure so that biomarkers are an option. Research on biomarkers and the use of ACE inhibitor drugs in COVID-19 patients has not been widely in Indonesia.
Methods: The retrospective cohort study used medical record data of confirmed COVID-19 patients treated at Dr. Moewardi Hospital for the period January to March 2022. Living patients are confirmed for reinfection until November 2022.
Results: The study involved 524 confirmed medical records of COVID-19 patients. After exclusion and inclusion criteria, 517 medical records were obtained. D-Dimer cut off values ≥2435 were significantly related to severity (OR=2.05; 95%CI=1.38-3.06; p=<0.001) and mortality (OR=2.89; 95%CI=1.95-4.27; p=<0.001) of COVID-19 patients. Hs-CRP levels ≥4.59 were significantly associated with mortality of COVID-19 patients. (OR=1.82; 95%CI=1.23-2.69; p=0.003. The use of ACE inhibitors (OR=0.55; 95%CI=0.33-0.89; p=0.015) is a protective factor from mortality, but increases the risk of reinfection (OR=3.11; 95%CI=1.16-8.36); p=0.034).
Conclusion: D-Dimer and Hs-CRP biomarkers can be considered as predictor biomarkers of the severity and mortality of COVID-19 patients. Although the use of ACE inhibitors increases the risk of reinfection, it reduces the risk of mortality due to COVID-19DOI: https://doi.org/10.36497/jri.v44i4.465
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