Risk of Developing Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Non-Smoking Adults Exposed to Particulate Matter 2.5 Compared to Those Without Exposure

Authors

  • Kemas Rakhmat Notariza Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, National Respiratory Center Persahabatan Hospital, Jakarta https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8211-9977
  • Bagus Radityo Amien Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1442-8097
  • Agus Dwi Susanto Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, National Respiratory Center Persahabatan Hospital, Jakarta

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.36497/jri.v44i4.478

Keywords:

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, non-smoker, PM2.5

Abstract

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) development involves a complex pathway of host and environmental factors. Besides cigarette smoking, previous studies showed exposure to air pollution, such as particulate matter sized 2.5 μm or less (PM2.5), might also have an important role in COPD development because it might lead to airway remodeling and chronic lung inflammation. However, the cause-and-effect relationship between PM2.5 and COPD in non-smoking patients is still unclear.

Methods: Literature searches were performed in five online medical databases (PubMed, EMBASE, ScienceDirect, EBSCOhost, and Cochrane Library) and hand-searching in Google Scholar. Filtering literature with the inclusion and exclusion criteria resulted in three relevant articles (1 case-control and 2 cohort studies). Critical appraisal was conducted using the Center of Evidence-Based Medicine (CEBM) worksheet from the University of Oxford for etiologic studies.

Results: All three articles were considered valid. The prospective cohort was decided unimportant because of the non-significant adjusted hazard ratio (HR 1.23; 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.50-3.06). The case-control and retrospective studies had important results with adjusted odds ratio of 1.29 (95% CI=1.01-1.65) and 1.69 (95% CI=1.11-2.58), respectively. The relatively low number needed to harm (NNH) of 10-23 indicated that PM2.5 exposure was a meaningful factor for the risk of developing COPD in non-smoker adults. Both articles were considered applicable to our case.

Conclusion: Non-smoking adults with exposure to PM2.5, compared to those without exposure, are at higher risk of developing COPD.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease. Global strategy for prevention, diag-nosis and management of COPD: 2022 report global. Global Initiative for Chronic Obstruc-tive Lung Disease, 2021.

Walia GK, Vellakkal R, Gupta V. Chronic ob-structive pulmonary disease and its non-smoking risk factors in India. COPD: Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. 2016;13(2):251–61.

Zhou Y, Wang C, Yao W, Chen P, Kang J, Huang S, et al. COPD in Chinese nonsmok-ers. European Respiratory Journal. 2009;33(3):509–18.

Wang L, Xie J, Hu Y, Tian Y. Air pollution and risk of chronic obstructed pulmonary disease: The modifying effect of genetic susceptibility and lifestyle. EBioMedicine. 2022;79:103994.

Orru H, Ebi KL, Forsberg B. The interplay of climate change and air pollution on health. Curr Environ Health Rep. 2017;4(4):504–13.

Li X, Liu X. Effects of pm2.5 on chronic airway diseases: A review of research progress. At-mosphere (Basel). 2021;12(8):1068.

GBD Chronic Respiratory Disease Collabora-tors. Prevalence and attributable health bur-den of chronic respiratory diseases, 1990–2017: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet Respir Med. 2020;8(6):585–96.

Rebuli ME, Speen AM, Martin EM, Addo KA, Pawlak EA, Glista-Baker E, et al. Wood smoke exposure alters human inflammatory responses to viral infection in a sex-specific manner: A randomized, placebo-controlled study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2019;199(8):996–1007.

Baccarelli A, Wright RO, Bollati V, Tarantini L, Litonjua AA, Suh HH, et al. Rapid DNA meth-ylation changes after exposure to traffic parti-cles. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2009;179(7):572–8.

Doiron D, de Hoogh K, Probst-Hensch N, Fortier I, Cai Y, de Matteis S, et al. Air pollu-tion, lung function and COPD: Results from the population-based UK Biobank study. Euro-pean Respiratory Journal. 2019;54(1):1802140.

Li MH, Fan LC, Mao B, Yang JW, Choi AMK, Cao WJ, et al. Short-term exposure to ambi-ent fine particulate matter increases hospitali-zations and mortality in COPD: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Chest. 2016;149(2):447–58.

Kloog I, Nordio F, Zanobetti A, Coull BA, Kou-trakis P, Schwartz JD. Short term effects of particle exposure on hospital admissions in the mid-atlantic states: A population estimate. PLoS One. 2014;9(2):e88578.

Stevanovic I, Jovasevic-Stojanovic M, Stosic J. Association between ambient air pollution, meteorological conditions and exacerbations of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in adult citizens of the town of Sme-derevo. Vojnosanit Pregl. 2016;73(2):152–8.

Huang HC, Lin FCF, Wu MF, Nfor ON, Hsu SY, Lung CC, et al. Association between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and PM2.5 in Taiwanese nonsmokers. Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2019;222(5):884–8.

Prasad S, Gao CX, Borg B, Broder J, Brown D, Ikin JF, et al. Chronic obstructive pulmo-nary disease in adults exposed to fine parti-cles from a coal mine fire. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2022;19(2):186–95.

Fisher JA, Puett RC, Hart JE, Camargo CA, Varraso R, Yanosky JD, et al. Particulate mat-ter exposures and adult-onset asthma and COPD in the Nurses’ Health Study. European Respiratory Journal. 2016;48(3):921–4.

Tung NT, Lai CH, Pan CH, Chen WL, Wang CC, Liang CW, et al. Associations of PM2.5 with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in shipyard workers: A cohort study. Aerosol Air Qual Res. 2022;22(5):210272.

Jo YS, Lim MN, Han YJ, Kim WJ. Epidemio-logical study of PM2.5 and risk of COPD-related hospital visits in association with par-ticle constituents in Chuncheon, Korea. Inter-national Journal of COPD. 2018;13:299–307.

Kurniawan R, Rambe SPB, Yovie I, Samoedro E, Susanto AD, Zaini J. Lung function impair-ment among firefighter after forest fire si-saster in Riau, Sumatra. Jurnal Respirologi Indonesia. 2021;41(4):221.

Guo Y, Gao CX, Dennekamp M, Dimitriadis C, Straney L, Ikin J, et al. The association of coal mine fire smoke with hospital emergency presentations and admissions: Time series analysis of Hazelwood Health Study. Chemo-sphere. 2020;253:126667.

Gaughan DM, Piacitelli CA, Chen BT, Law BF, Virji MA, Edwards NT, et al. Exposures and cross-shift lung function declines in wildland firefighters. J Occup Environ Hyg. 2014;11(9):591–603.

Jacquemin B, Siroux V, Sanchez M, Carsin AE, Schikowski T, Adam M, et al. Ambient air pollution and adult asthma incidence in six eu-ropean cohorts (Escape). Environ Health Per-spect. 2015;123(6):613–2.

Schikowski T, Adam M, Marcon A, Cai Y, Vier-kötter A, Carsin AE, et al. Association of am-bient air pollution with the prevalence and in-cidence of COPD. European Respiratory Journal. 2014;44(3):614–26.

Grievink L, Smit HA, Brunekreef B. Anti-oxidants and air pollution in relation to indica-tors of asthma and COPD: A review of the current evidence. Clinical and Experimental Allergy. 2000;30(10):1344–5.

Silva Rodriguez ME, Silveyra P. Air pollution exposure as a relevant risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations in male and female patients. European Medi-cal Journal. 2022;

Churg A, Brauer M, del Carmen Avila-Casado M, Fortoul TI, Wright JL. Chronic exposure to high levels of particulate air pollution and small airway remodeling. Environ Health Per-spect. 2003;111(5):714–8.

Möller W, Felten K, Sommerer K, Scheuch G, Meyer G, Meyer P, et al. Deposition, retention, and translocation of ultrafine particles from the central airways and lung periphery. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2008;177(4):426–32.

Downloads

Published

2024-10-31

Issue

Section

Article Review

Similar Articles

1-10 of 200

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.

Most read articles by the same author(s)

1 2 > >>