Correlation Between Leukocyte Differential Counts with The Severity and Outcome of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Patients In Jember

Angga Mardro Raharjo, Eprila Darma Sari, Diana Chusna Mufida

Abstract


Background: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an acute respiratory disease caused by new strain of RNA viruses named Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Hematological changes, especially leukocyte differential counts, presumed to be a predictor of the severity and outcome of COVID-19 patients. This study aimed to analyze the correlation between leukocyte differential counts with the severity and outcome of COVID-19 patients. Methods: This study was conducted using a cross-sectional analytic observational method, through secondary data analysis of COVID-19 patients who were tested positive by Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) and hospitalized between April–November 2020 at Citra Husada Jember, Kaliwates Jember, and Jember Klinik Hospital. Results: From 267 patients, there were 139 female patients (52.1%) and 128 male patients (47.9%). There was a positive correlation on leukocytes, neutrophil, and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) with the severity and outcome of the patients, and negative correlation on eosinophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes (P 0.05) Conclusion: Leukocyte differential counts examination could be a predictor of the severity and outcome of COVID-19 patients, especially neutrophils, lymphocytes, and NLR.

Keywords


COVID-19; leukocyte differential counts; severity; outcome

Full Text:

PDF

References


Gorbalenya AE, Baker SC, Baric RS, de Groot RJ, Drosten C, Gulyaeva AA, et al. The species Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus: classifying 2019-nCoV and naming it SARS-CoV-2. Nat Microbiol [Internet]. 2020;5(4):536–44. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41564-020-0695-z

Peeri NC, Shrestha N, Rahman MS, Zaki R, Tan Z, Bibi S, et al. The SARS, MERS and novel coronavirus (COVID-19) epidemics, the newest and biggest global health threats: what lessons have we learned? Int J Epidemiol. 2020;49(3):717–26.

World Health Organization. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2020 Jun 23]. Available from: https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019

Gugus Tugas Percepatan Penanganan COVID-19. Peta Sebaran COVID-19 di Indonesia [Internet]. [cited 2020 Sep 25]. Available from: https://covid19.go.id/peta-sebaran

Pemkab Jember. Data Update Gugus Tugas COVID-19 Kabupaten Jember [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2020 Jun 23]. Available from: https://www.jemberkab.go.id/

Kementrian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia (Kemenkes RI). Pedoman Pencegahan dan Pengendalian Coronavirus Disease (Covid-19) Revisi Ke-5. Jakarta; 2020.

Lotfi M, Hamblin MR, Rezaei N. COVID-19: Transmission, prevention, and potential therapeutic opportunities. Clin Chim Acta. 2020;508:254–66.

Violetis OA, Chasouraki AM, Giannou AM, Baraboutis IG. COVID-19 Infection and Haematological Involvement: a Review of Epidemiology, Pathophysiology and Prognosis of Full Blood Count Findings. SN Compr Clin Med. 2020;1–5.

Ye Q, Wang B, Mao J. The pathogenesis and treatment of the `Cytokine Storm’ in COVID-19. J Infect. 2020;80(6):607–13.

Zhao K, Li R, Wu X, Zhao Y, Wang T, Zheng Z, et al. Clinical features in 52 patients with COVID-19 who have increased leukocyte count: a retrospective analysis. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2020;39(12):2279–87.

Chen N, Zhou M, Dong X, Qu J, Gong F, Han Y, et al. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. Lancet [Internet]. 2020;395(10223):507–13. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30211-7

Wang D, Hu B, Hu C, Zhu F, Liu X, Zhang J, et al. Clinical Characteristics of 138 Hospitalized Patients With 2019 Novel Coronavirus–Infected Pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA [Internet]. 2020;323(11):1061–9. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.1585

Guan W, Ni Z, Hu Y, Liang W, Ou C, He J, et al. Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in China. N Engl J Med [Internet]. 2020;382(18):1708–20. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2002032

Cron RQ, Behrens EM. Cytokine Storm Syndrome. 1st ed. Cytokine Storm Syndrome. Springer, Cham; 2019. 617 p.

Wang C, Deng R, Gou L, Fu Z, Zhang X, Shao F, et al. Preliminary study to identify severe from moderate cases of COVID-19 using combined hematology parameters. Ann Transl Med. 2020;8(9):593.

Magdalena, Sugiri YJ, Tantular R, Listyoko A. Karakteristik Klinis Pasien COVID-19 di Rumah Sakit Dr. Saiful Anwar, Malang. J Respirologi Indones. 2021;41(1):7–10.

Terpos E, Ntanasis-Stathopoulos I, Elalamy I, Kastritis E, Sergentanis TN, Politou M, et al. Hematological findings and complications of COVID-19. Am J Hematol. 2020;95(7):834–47.

Simadibrata DM, Calvin J, Wijaya AD, Ibrahim NAA. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio on admission to predict the severity and mortality of COVID-19 patients: A meta-analysis. Am J Emerg Med. 2021;42:60–9.

Jesenak M, Brndiarova M, Urbancikova I, Rennerova Z, Vojtkova J, Bobcakova A, et al. Immune Parameters and COVID-19 Infection - Associations With Clinical Severity and Disease Prognosis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2020;10:364.

Xie G, Ding F, Han L, Yin D, Lu H, Zhang M. The role of peripheral blood eosinophil counts in COVID-19 patients. Allergy. 2021;76(2):471–82.

Anurag A, Jha PK, Kumar A. Differential white blood cell count in the COVID-19: A cross-sectional study of 148 patients. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2020;14(6):2099–102.

Martens RJH, van Adrichem AJ, Mattheij NJA, Brouwer CG, van Twist DJL, Broerse JJCR, et al. Hemocytometric characteristics of COVID-19 patients with and without cytokine Storm syndrome on the Sysmex XN-10 hematology analyzer. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2020;1–11.

Pence BD. Severe COVID-19 and aging: are monocytes the key? GeroScience [Internet]. 2020;42(4):1051–61. Available from: https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/32556942/Severe_COVID_19_and_aging:_are_monocytes_the_key

Qin S, Jiang Y, Wei X, Liu X, Guan J, Chen Y, et al. Dynamic changes in monocytes subsets in COVID-19 patients. Hum Immunol. 2021;82(3):170–6.

Mousavi SA, Rad S, Rostami T, Rostami M, Mousavi SA, Mirhoseini SA, et al. Hematologic predictors of mortality in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: a comparative study. Hematology. 2020;25(1):383–8.

Nair AP, Soliman A, Al Masalamani MA, De Sanctis V, Nashwan AJ, Sasi S, et al. Clinical Outcome of Eosinophilia in Patients with COVID-19: A Controlled Study. Acta Biomed. 2020;91(4):e2020165.

Asghar MS, Khan NA, Haider Kazmi SJ, Ahmed A, Hassan M, Jawed R, et al. Hematological parameters predicting severity and mortality in COVID-19 patients of Pakistan: a retrospective comparative analysis. J Community Hosp Intern Med Perspect. 2020;10(6):514–20.

Rodriguez L, Pekkarinen PT, Lakshmikanth T, Tan Z, Consiglio CR, Pou C, et al. Systems-Level Immunomonitoring from Acute to Recovery Phase of Severe COVID-19. Cell reports Med. 2020;1(5):100078.

Yuan X, Huang W, Ye B, Chen C, Huang R, Wu F, et al. Changes of hematological and immunological parameters in COVID-19 patients. Int J Hematol. 2020;112(4):553–9.

Robb C, Regan K, Dorward D, Rossi A. Key mechanisms governing resolution of lung inflammation. Semin Immunopathol. 2016;38(4):425–48.

Deng Z, Zhang M, Zhu T, Zhili N, Liu Z, Xiang R, et al. Dynamic changes in peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets in adult patients with COVID-19. Int J Infect Dis. 2020;98:353–8.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.36497/jri.v41i3.186

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Bookmark and Share


Copyright (c) 2021 Angga Mardro Raharjo, Eprila Darma Sari, Diana Chusna Mufida

INDEXING & PARTNER

SINTA Garuda Indonesian Scientific Journal Database (ISJD) Indonesia One Search (IOS) Crossref

ROAD-ISSN Dimensions Google Scholar 

 
Jurnal Respirologi Indonesia
pISSN: 0853-7704 - eISSN: 2620-3162
Address: Jalan Cipinang Bunder No. 19, Cipinang, Pulogadung, Jakarta Timur, DKI Jakarta 13240, Indonesia
Phone: +62-21-2247-4845
Email: editor@jurnalrespirologi.org

An official publication by
the Indonesian Society of Respirology (ISR)

Creative Commons License
Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License

Statcounter