Risk Factors Affecting Respiratory Symptoms and Impaired Lung Function of Palm Oil Mill Workers in the District of Kandis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36497/jri.v41i3.194Keywords:
Lung Function, Pollution, Sulfur DioxideAbstract
Background: Air pollution that exposed to human have been a problem all over the world and caused a variety of lung disease. Gases and particles emitted from industry including sulfur oxide, nitrogen oxide, and particulate matter may lead to decreasing lung function. Sulfur dioxide is one of the highest causes of air pollution at the highest level. Workers exposure to gases were vulnerable to respiratory function abnormality. Methods: A study on the effect of risk factors and sulfur dioxide exposure on lung function of palm oil workers in the district of Kandis was carried out in December 2019–January 2020. The research aim at describing sulfur dioxide air ambient in palm oil mill as well as respiratory state of palm oil workers and analyzing sulfur dioxide exposure and lung function relationship. Result: The result showed that sulfur dioxide concentration in outdoor 25.7 µg/Nm3 and indoor 20.6 µg/Nm3. The result of spirometry showed obstruction in 13% of the workers. Breathlessness and productive cough are the most common symptoms. Several factors that correlated with lung function namely as personal protective equipment (p=0.001), length of working (p=0.003), and smoking habit (p=0.004). From multivariate analysis, personal protective equipment has a significant correlation with lung function (p=0.038). Conclusion: Increasing the concentration of sulfur dioxide may cause decreased of lung function but other factor like personal protective equipment showed a significant correlation with lung function.Downloads
References
Susanto, AD, Ikhsan, M, Winariani, Fitriani, F, Yunus, F, Lyanda, A, et al. Diagnosis dan Tatalaksana Inhalasi Zat Toksik. Perhimpunan Dokter Paru Indonesia. Jakarta. 2018; 7.
Samoedro, E. Polusi Udara dan Kesehatan Paru. In: Rasmin M, Jusuf A, Amin M, Taufik, Nawas MA dan Rai IBN, et al. Buku Ajar Pulmonologi dan Kedokteran Respirasi. Kolegium Pulmonologi dan Kedokteran Respirasi. UI Press Jakarta; 2018: 218.
World Health Organization. Ambient (Outdoor) Air Quality and Health. Global Update World Health Organization. Copenhagen. 2018; 4-5.
Kementrian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Profil Pemberantasan Penyakit Menular dan Penyehatan Lingkungan (PPM & PL). Dirjen PPM & PL. Jakarta. 2015; 13.
Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Siak. Profil Kesehatan Kabupaten Siak Tahun 2016. Siak Sri Indrapura. 2017; 9-10.
Kochi, T, Iwasawa, S, Nakano, M, Tsuboi, T, Tanaka, S, Kitamura, H, et al. Influence of Sulfur Dioxide on the Respiratory System of Miyakejima Adult Residents 6 years After Returning The Island. J Occup Health. 2017; 59: 313-4.
Wu, S, Ni, Y, Li, H, Pan, L, Yang, D, Baccarelli, AA, et al. Short Term Exposure to High Ambient Air Pollution Increases Airway Inflammation and Respiratory Symptoms in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients in Beijing, China. Environment International. 2016; 9 (4): 76-8.
Murgia, N, Toren, K, Kim, JL, Andersson, E. Risk Factors for Respiratory Work Disability in a Cohort of Pulp Mill Workers Exposed to Irritant Gases. BMC Public Health. 2011; 1 (1): 2-4.
Rantetampang, AL, Mallongi, A. Indoor Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) Pollutant in Wamena Papua Province, Indonesia. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications. 2014; 4(2): 1-2.
Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup. Peraturan Menteri Negara Lingkungan Hidup No. 12 Tentang Pelaksanaan Pengendalian Pencemaran Udara di Daerah. Jakarta. 2010; 10-1.
Wijiarti, K, Hanani, Y, Yunita, NA. Analisis Risiko Kesehatan Lingkungan Paparan Sulfur Dioksida (SO2) Udara Ambien pada Pedagang Kaki Lima di Terminal Bus Pulogadung, Jakarta Timur. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat. 2016; 4(4): 984.
Gao, N, Xu, W, Ji, J, Yang, Y, Wang, ST, Wang, J, et al. Lung Function and Systemic Inflammation Associated with Short Term Air Pollution Exposure in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients in Beijing. Environment Health. 2020; 19 (12): 2-3.
Andersson, E, Murgia, N, Nilsson, T, Karlsson, B, Toren, K. Incidence of Chronic Bronchitis in a Cohort of Pulp Mill Workers with Repeated Gassings to Sulphur Dioxide and Other Irritant Gases. Environmental Health. 2013; 12 (113): 2-3.
Awang, M, Sulistomo, A, Junus, M. Gambaran Fungsi Paru dan Faktor-Faktor Yang Berhubungan Pada Pekerja Terpapar Debu di Pabrik Gula X Kabupaten Lampung Tengah. J Indon Med Assoc. 2017; 67 (10): 580-1.
Sholikhah, Anindya, Sudarmaji. Hubungan Karakteristik Pekerja dan Kadar Debu Total Dengan Keluhan Pernapasan Pada Pekerja Industri Kayu PT. X di Kabupaten Lumajang. Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan. 2015; 2 (2): 203.
Downloads
Additional Files
Published
Issue
Section
License
- The authors own the copyright of published articles. Nevertheless, Jurnal Respirologi Indonesia has the first-to-publish license for the publication material.
- Jurnal Respirologi Indonesia has the right to archive, change the format and republish published articles by presenting the authors’ names.
- Articles are published electronically for open access and online for educational, research, and archiving purposes. Jurnal Respirologi Indonesia is not responsible for any copyright issues that might emerge from using any article except for the previous three purposes.
