The Correlation Between Air Pollution Exposure Duration and Occurence of Emphysema Based on Chest CT Scan in Public Transportation Drivers
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36497/jri.v41i2.180Keywords:
air pollution, smoking, emphysema, CT scanAbstract
Background: Emphysema is included in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) whose prevalence tends to increase in Indonesia. Air pollution is one of risk factor for emphysema. Public transportation drivers are one of the most vulnerable occupation exposed to air pollution. This study aimed to determine the correlation between air pollution exposure duration and occurence of emphysema in public transportation drivers. Methods: This was an analytic observational study using a cross-sectional approach. Samples of this study (n=32) were public transportation drivers in North Jakarta. Data were collected during August – October 2019 at Atma Jaya Hospital, North Jakarta. The study datawere secondary data obtained through interviews and chest CT scan. Data analysis was performed using Fisher’s exact method. Results: The prevalence of emphysema was 46,9% with 9 respondents (60%) had mixed type emphysema and 13 respondents (87,7%) had mild degrees. The prevalence of public transportation drivers exposed to air pollution for more than or equal to 8 hours a day was 87,5%. There was a significant correlation between air pollution exposure duration and occurence of emphysema (P=0,038). Conclusion: There was a statistically significant correlation between air pollution exposure duration and occurence of emphysema. As many as 11 respondents (39,3%) exposed to air pollution for more than or equal to 8 hours a day exposure were found to have emphysema. However, all respondents in this study were smokers, which was also a risk factor for emphysema and could be considered as severe air pollution.Downloads
References
2018 World air quality report [Internet]. IQAir Air Visual; [cited 2019 Oct 27]. Available from: https://www.iqair.com/international/blog/press-releases/IQAir-AirVisual-2018-World-Air-Quality-Report-Reveals-Worlds-Most-Polluted-Cities.
Pedoman pengendalian penyakit paru obstruktif kronik [Internet]. Keputusan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia; 2008. [cited 2019 Oct 27]. Available from: http://www.pdpersi.co.id/peraturan/kepmenkes/kmk10222008.pdf.
CDC global health - indonesia [Internet]. 2019. [cited 2019 Oct 27]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/globalhealth/countries/indonesia/default.htm.
Oemiati R. Kajian epidemiologis penyakit paru obstruktif kronik (PPOK). Media Penelit Dan Pengemb Kesehat. 2013 Jul 30;23(2):82-88–88.
Pocket guide to COPD diagnosis, management, and prevention [Internet]. Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease; 2019. [cited 2019 Oct 27]. Available from: https://goldcopd.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/GOLD-2019-POCKET-GUIDE-DRAFT-v1.7-14Nov2018-WMS.pdf.
Mario Isakh B, Eryando T, Besral, Hananto M, Hermawan A. Pajanan polutan dalam/luar rumah dan kejadian penyakit paru obstruktif kronis pada responden studi kohor PTM di kota bogor, provinsi jawa barat. J Ekol Kesehat. 2017 Desember;16(3):140–9.
Lutchmedial SM, Creed WG, Moore AJ, Walsh RR, Gentchos GE, Kaminsky DA. How common is airflow limitation in patients with emphysema on CT scan of the chest? Chest. 2015 Jul;148(1):176–84.
Obelenis V, Gedgaudiene D, Vasilavicius P. Working conditions and health of the employees of public bus and trolleybus transport in lithuania. Med Kaunas Lith. 2003;39(11):1103–9.
Layuk G. Pengaruh lamanya paparan emisi gas buang kendaraan bermotor terhadap faal paru sopir angkutan kota di malang [Internet] [other]. University of Muhammadiyah Malang; 2011 [cited 2019 Nov 25]. Available from: http://eprints.umm.ac.id/31705/.
Araki T, Nishino M, Zazueta OE, Gao W, Dupuis J, Okajima Y, et al. Paraseptal emphysema: prevalence and distribution on CT and association with interstitial lung abnormalities. Eur J Radiol. 2015 Jul;84(7):1413–8.
Zulueta JJ, Wisnivesky JP, Henschke CI, Yip R, Farooqi AO, McCauley DI, et al. Emphysema scores predict death from COPD and lung cancer. Chest. 2012 May;141(5):1216–23.
Wang M, Aaron CP, Madrigano J, Hoffman EA, Angelini E, Yang J, et al. Association between long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and change in quantitatively assessed emphysema and lung function. JAMA. 2019 Aug 13;322(6):546–56.
Adar SD, Kaufman JD, Diez-Roux AV, Hoffman EA, D’Souza J, Stukovsky KH, et al. Air pollution and percent emphysema identified by computed tomography in the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis. Environ Health Perspect. 2015 Feb;123(2):144–51.
Ogushi F, Hubbard RC, Vogelmeier C, Fells GA, Crystal RG. Risk factors for emphysema. J Clin Invest. 1991 Mar 1;87(3):1060–5.
Downloads
Additional Files
Published
Issue
Section
License
- The authors own the copyright of published articles. Nevertheless, Jurnal Respirologi Indonesia has the first-to-publish license for the publication material.
- Jurnal Respirologi Indonesia has the right to archive, change the format and republish published articles by presenting the authors’ names.
- Articles are published electronically for open access and online for educational, research, and archiving purposes. Jurnal Respirologi Indonesia is not responsible for any copyright issues that might emerge from using any article except for the previous three purposes.