The Role of Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 in Lung Function Impairment in Patients with Post-Tuberculosis Sequelae
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36497/3chv8k81Keywords:
airway obstruction, lung function, MMP-9, post-tuberculosis, spirometryAbstract
Background: Post-tuberculosis (post-TB) sequelae are long-term pulmonary complications that persist despite completion of anti-tuberculosis treatment (ATT). These long-term effects frequently contribute to diminished pulmonary function and a lower quality of life. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) is thought to be involved in the process of lung tissue injury among individuals recovering from tuberculosis. This study aimed to explore the correlation between serum MMP-9 levels and pulmonary function impairment in post-TB patients.
Methods: An observational case-control study was carried out at Dr. H. Abdul Moeloek Hospital in Lampung between April 2023 and March 2024. The study involved 35 post-TB patients (case group) and 35 healthy individuals (control group). Pulmonary function was evaluated using spirometry, while serum MMP-9 concentrations were measured by ELISA. The data were statistically analysed using the Mann-Whitney U test and Spearman's rank correlation.
Results: The post-TB group exhibited higher serum MMP-9 levels compared to the control group (1137.7±527.4 vs. 939.5±360.1), though the difference did not reach statistical significance. Post-TB patients showed reduced lung function, particularly in FEV1/FVC, FEV1, and FVC values. There was a significant correlation between MMP-9 levels and pulmonary function parameters, including pre-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC (r = -0.321; P=0.007), post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC (r = -0.265; P=0.027), and %FEV1 (r = -0.254; P=0.034).
Conclusion: Increased serum MMP-9 levels are associated with reduced lung function in post-tuberculosis patients, particularly in cases of obstructive impairment. MMP-9 has the potential to be used as a biomarker for lung injury in individuals with a history of tuberculosis.
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